The Flight organ in the Cathedral of Santiago de Chile


In 2003 Martin was asked to inspect a few English organs in Chile, including the main organ in the Cathedral of Santiago, and was amazed to find a virtually unaltered three manual and pedal GG compass organ. It was made by B. Flight & Son in London in 1849/50. He gave various options for restoration, and recommended that the organ be restored to its original condition, which is perfectly possible.

In 2010 Chile will celebrate 200 years of independence, and the cathedral will take an important part of the festivities. For many years, Maria Elena Troncoso, the honorary curator of the cathedral museum, has hoped that the organ will be playable for this occasion. Unfortunately, it looks as if the only feasible option is the cheapest possible, so they are at present trying to put the organ into playing condition, using six voluntary workers.

In November 2007 Martin visited Santiago again to see how work was progressing, and to provide guidance. It is obvious that the organ needs a complete restoration, for there are splits in the chests as well as damage to the pipework which needs restoration from specialists. Nonetheless the organ works after a fashion, and a short concert by a young local organist, Jose Manuel Izquierdo, gave an idea of the wonderful sounds that a musician might get out of this instrument.

The contract for the organ on the gallery in Santiago Cathedral was signed on 1 st October 1847. It was built by B. Flight & Son. The firm of Flight was active from 1772 to around 1887, founded by Benjamin Flight senior (see http://www.cph.rcm.ac.uk/Genarchivenews.htm#Flight for a portrait of Flight at the Royal College of Music). His son, Benjamin junior, died in 1847, the year the contract was signed for Santiago Cathedral. The builder in charge of this organ would have been John Flight (c.1803 – 1890). The period of building saw a change of address, from 16 King William Street, Strand, up until 1848, and from 1849, to 36 St Martin's Lane, London. B. Flight & Son was the name the Flight firm used between 1841 and 1851.

Before leaving London the organ was exhibited ‘to the admiration of illustrious organists', including Philip Potter, professor of the Royal Academy of Music. It arrived at the port of Valparaiso on 5 th December 1849, and first played on Easter Day, 1850.

Apart a handful of later alterations and a few missing pipes, everything remains, including couplers, Tremulant and two drum pedals. It has been unplayable for some years. The cathedral has no money to restore it, so a group of volunteers has spent a year working on it so that it now does make some sounds. The Choir Stopped Diapason is very beautiful from anywhere in the cathedral. Unfortunately, the soundboards have splits, the Great ones very severe. To make any significant improvement from the present condition will involve removing the soundboards.

This is the most important historic organ in Chile. It could be more complete than any pre-1850 organ of this size in North America.

What to do next is open to discussion, but making this wonderful instrument known to as many people as possible seems to be a sensible start.

A CD of data is available from the builders. It includes some technical details and many pictures.

Slider order, 1 at front

Pipe/stop action names

Stop knob names

Pitch

Original

pipes

Non original

Missing

pipes

 

GREAT

GRAN ORGANO

GG - f 3

1

Open Diapason 1

Gran Principal

8

59

 

 

2

Open Diapason 2

Principal 2 o

8

59

 

 

3

Stop Diapason bass

Bajos del Bordon

8

11

 

 

4

Stop Diapason treble

Bordon

8

48

 

 

5

Principal

Octava

4

59

 

 

6

Principal 2

Prestante

4

59

 

 

7

Harmonic Flute

Flauta

4

 

52

7

8

Fifteenth

Dec. quinta

2

57

 

2

9

Keraulophon

Octavin

8

 

23

36

10

Sesquialtra

Lleno de Bajos

III

87

 

 

11

Cornet

Lleno de Tiples

V

84.5

 

65.5

12

Trumpet bass

Trompeta de Bajos

8

29

 

 

13

Trumpet treble

Trompeta de Tiples

8

25

 

5

14

Clarion bass

Trompeta de Octava Bajos

4

29

 

 

15

Clarion treble

Trompeta de Octave Tiples

4

19

 

11

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHOIR

CORO

GG - f 3

9

Open Diapasón

Principal

8

59

 

 

8

Dulciana

Angelino?

8

47

 

 

7

Stop Diapasón bass

Bajos del Bordon

8

12

 

 

6

Stop Diapasón treble

Bordon

8

43

3

1

5

Principal

Octava

4

54

 

5

4

Viol di Gamba

Viola

8

 

12

 

3

Gamba

Viola

8

 

47

 

2

Bassoon

Bajon

8

17

 

 

1

Clarinet

Clarinete?

8

26

 

3

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SWELL

ECO

G - f 3

8

Double Dulciana

Bis-Diapason

16

47

 

 

7

Open Diapasón

Principal

8

47

 

 

6

Stop Diapasón

Bordon

8

47

 

 

5

Principal

Octava

4

47

 

 

4

Dulciana

Celestial

8

47

 

 

3

Fifteenth

Dec. Quinta

2

47

 

 

2

Cornet

Lleno

III

141

 

 

1

Trumpet

Trompeta

8

47

 

 

9

Oboe

Oboe

8

47

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

PEDAL

PEDAL

G - d

 

Double Open

Contras

16

20

 

 

 

Bourdon

Bordon

8

19

 

1

 

Open Diapasón

Principal

8

20

 

 

 

Principal

Octava

4

20

 

 

 

Fifteenth

Piccolo

2

20

 

 

 

Sesquialtra

Lleno

III

60

 

 

 

Bombard

Bombarda

16

20

(1879)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

85%

original pipes

totals

 

1579.5

137

136.5

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Total number possible

 

1853

 

 


Original stops

Three stops have been changed from the original, possibly in 1879 when Manuel Portales carried out restoration work and added the Bombarda. They were made in England, the larger pipes zinc, smaller ones spotted metal (50% tin/lead. They are:

Grande Organo

Flauta (Harmonic Flute) originally Docena (Twelfth)

Octavin (Keraulophon) originally 17 a or 19 a (Tierce or Larigot)

Organo de Coro

Viola (Gamba) originally 15 a (Fifteenth)

More recently some pipes have been inserted where originals were missing. These do not appear on the list (i.e. they are counted as missing pipes).

Mixture compositions

Great

 

 

 

 

 

Lleno

I

II

III

 

 

GG – b

1 3 / 5

1 1 / 3

1

 

 

Lleno de Tiples

I

II

III

IV

V

c 1 – e 2

4

2 2 / 3

2

1 3 / 5

1 1 / 3

f 2 – f 3

8

4

2 2 / 3

2

1 3 / 5

 

Swell

 

 

 

 

 

Lleno

I

II

III

 

 

G – b

1 3 / 5

1 1 / 3

1

 

 

c 1 – f 3

2 2 / 3

2

1 3 / 5

 

 

 

Pedal

 

 

 

 

 

Lleno

I

II

III

 

 

GG-d

1 3 / 5

1 1 / 3

1

 

 

The pipes are scribed halfway up the front of the body, with the stop (Ses, Cor), the Rank (1, 2, 3, 4, 5), and the note (e.g. the lowest is GG whatever the pitch). In addition, the Great Lleno de Tiples has the note number inked on the upper lip: c 1 is number 1, f 3 is 30.

Name Label
Console
Cathedral from West
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